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Annaba ,〔(Oxford Dictionary: definition of Annaba (British & World English) )〕 〔(Oxford Dictionary: definition of Annaba (American English) )〕 ((アラビア語:عنابة), ', formerly Bône or Bona, historically Hippo or Hippo Regius) is a city in the northeastern corner of Algeria near the Seybouse River. It is located in Annaba Province. With a population of 257,359 (2008〔(2008 census )〕), it is the fourth largest city in Algeria. It is a leading industrial centre in eastern Algeria. Most of the people call this city بلد أل عنب Balad Al Unnâb, i.e. the Jujubes city, because of the abundance of this fruit in the area.〔(www.el-annabi.com )〕 Annaba is a coastal city and has undergone significant growth. Annaba has a metropolitan area with a higher population density than the other metropolises of the Algerian coastline such as Oran and the capital Algiers. Much of eastern and southern Algeria seeks the services, equipment, and infrastructure of the city. Economically, it is the centre for various dynamic activities, such as industry, transport, finance and tourism.〔(anvredet.org.dz )〕 ==History== The vicinity of Annaba has yielded evidence of very early human occupation at Ain el Hanech, near Saïda (c. 200,000 B.C.), including artifacts that show remarkable tool-making craftsmanship. According to some sources, prehistoric Algeria was the site of the most advanced development of flake-tool techniques in the Middle Early Stone Age (Middle Paleolithic). The Phoenicians settled in Annaba in the 14th century BC. Annaba was called Hippo Regius during Roman times.〔 It was a centre of early Western Christianity and was the site of many Christian synods, one of which was central in canonizing the current books of the New Testament. Augustine of Hippo was bishop here from 396 until his death in 430. The city was destroyed in the 5th century by the Vandals.〔 Vandals ruled the city till 534. Gelimer, King of the Vandals and Alans from 530 to 534, with his followers and their children starving and realizing he had no chance of regaining his kingdom of North Africa, surrenders to Flavius Belisarius, a general of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian I, at Bone (Annaba).〔http://books.google.com/books?id=Go9BAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=Mons+Pappua+on+the+border+of+Numidia&source=bl&ots=FUv9Cf-Amu&sig=Y-9U9jWFYE0r8Lho21yrkd2zPhk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L3hpVNDXG-juigLkjoHoCA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Mons%20Pappua%20on%20the%20border%20of%20Numidia&f=false〕 Then Byzantines ruled Hippona (Hippo's renamed name after 395) before Umayyad conquest in 699. Laterly Abbasids, Aghlabids and Fatimids ruled Buna before ascension of Zirids. It was relocated to present place after floods and Banu Hilal ravages in 1033 during Hammadid rule. It was attacked by Pisan and Genoese fleet in 1034 and was conquered by Kingdom of Sicily in 1153. Almohads took it in 1160. After demise of Almohads, Hafsids rule began in Annaba in 1250. Hafsid rule was interrupted by brief occupations of Merinids and Castille (in 1360) and finished by Zayyanids. Ottoman rule began in 1533 and lasted till French occupation in 1832 except Spanish rule between 1535 and 1540. Barbary pirates also lived in Annaba from the 16th to 19th century.〔 During French rule, the city was known as Bône. It was one of the main European settlements, having a sizeable pied-noir minority. One famous pied-noir from Bône was Alphonse Juin, a Marshal of France and a former NATO Central Europe Commander. In 11th century, Banu Hilal, an Arab tribe living between Nile and Red Sea, settled in Tunisia, Tripolitania (western Libya) and Constantinois (eastern Algeria) which was Annaba party. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Annaba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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